The Mother of All Demos

"The Mother of All Demos" is a name given retrospectively to Douglas Engelbart's December 9, 1968, computer demonstration at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco. The live demonstration featured the introduction of a complete computer hardware and software system called the oN-Line System or more commonly, NLS. The 90-minute presentation essentially demonstrated almost all the fundamental elements of modern personal computing: windows, hypertext, graphics, efficient navigation and command input, video conferencing, the computer mouse, word processing, dynamic file linking, revision control, and a collaborative real-time editor (collaborative work). Engelbart's presentation was the first to publicly demonstrate all these elements in a single system. The demonstration was highly influential and spawned similar projects at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. The underlying technologies influenced both the Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows graphical user interface operating systems in the 1980s and 1990s.

At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mother_of_All_Demos.

Triumph of the Nerds (I, II, III)

Triumph of the Nerds is a 1996 British/American television documentary, produced by John Gau Productions and Oregon Public Broadcasting for Channel 4 and PBS. It explores the development of the personal computer in the United States from WWII to 1995. The title,Triumph of the Nerds, is a play on the 1984 comedy, Revenge of the Nerds. It was first screened as three episodes between 14 and 28 April 1996 on Channel 4, and as a single programme on 16 December 1996 on PBS.

At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds.

Pirates of Silicon Valley

Pirates of Silicon Valley is a 1999 original TNT film directed by Martyn Burke. It stars Noah Wyle as Steve Jobs and Anthony Michael Hall as Bill Gates. Spanning the years 1971-1997, the film is based on Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine's book Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer. It explores the impact of the rivalry between Jobs (Apple Computer) and Gates (Microsoft) on the development of the personal computer.

At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley.

Stephenson, Neal. 1999. In the Beginning… was the Command Line.

About twenty years ago Jobs and Wozniak, the founders of Apple, came up with the very strange idea of selling information processing machines for use in the home. The business took off, and its founders made a lot of money and received the credit they deserved for being daring visionaries. But around the same time, Bill Gates and Paul Allen came up with an idea even stranger and more fantastical: selling computer operating systems. This was much weirder than the idea of Jobs and Wozniak. A computer at least had some sort of physical reality to it. It came in a box, you could open it up and plug it in and watch lights blink. An operating system had no tangible incarnation at all. It arrived on a disk, of course, but the disk was, in effect, nothing more than the box that the OS came in. The product itself was a very long string of ones and zeroes that, when properly installed and coddled, gave you the ability to manipulate other very long strings of ones and zeroes. Even those few who actually understood what a computer operating system was were apt to think of it as a fantastically arcane engineering prodigy, like a breeder reactor or a U-2 spy plane, and not something that could ever be (in the parlance of high-tech) "productized."

Complete text at http://www.cryptonomicon.com/beginning.html.
More info at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Beginning..._Was_the_Command_Line.

Bookstores:
* https://itunes.apple.com/pt/book/in-beginning...was-command/id360608295?l=en&mt=11
* http://www.bookdepository.com/Beginning-Was-Command-Line-Neal-Stephenson/9780380815937
* http://www.amazon.co.uk/In-Beginning-Was-Command-Line/dp/0380815931
* http://www.amazon.co.uk/In-Beginning-Was-Command-Line/dp/0380815931

GIMP: GNU Image Manipulation Program

GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a freely distributed piece of software for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. It works on many operating systems, in many languages. (more...)

Download at http://www.gimp.org.
More info at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP.
Official manual at http://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/.
Floss manual at https://www.flossmanuals.net/gimp/.